O1 – Understand how smart city technologies use digital systems, sensors, and AI to manage urban environments and services.
O2 – Identify ways smart city systems may contribute to sustainability goals such as energy efficiency, mobility optimisation, and waste reduction.
O3 – Explore the tensions and trade-offs between sustainability, convenience, surveillance, automation, and energy use in smart cities.
O4 – Reflect critically on how digital systems influence everyday life and decision-making in urban environments.